A relax-and-fix with fix-and-optimize heuristic applied to multi-level lot-sizing problems

In this paper, we propose a simple but efficient heuristic that combines construction and improvement heuristic ideas to solve multi-level lot-sizing problems. A relax-and-fix heuristic is firstly used to build an initial solution, and this is further improved by applying a fix-and-optimize heuristic. We also introduce a novel way to define the mixed-integer subproblems solved by both heuristics. The efficiency of the approach is evaluated solving two different classes of multi-level lot-sizing problems: the multi-level capacitated lot-sizing problem with backlogging and the two-stage glass container production scheduling problem (TGCPSP). We present extensive computational results including four test sets of the Multi-item Lot-Sizing with Backlogging library, and real-world test problems defined for the TGCPSP, where we benchmark against state-of-the-art methods from the recent literature. The computational results show that our combined heuristic approach is very efficient and competitive, outperforming benchmark methods for most of the test problems

Caracterización de atención primaria de salud en tres municipios de Minas Gerais, Brasil : un analisis de los casos

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar como se caracteriza a atenção básica em três municípios do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Buscou-se compreender o contexto local, a estrutura e a gestão da atenção básica nos municípios pesquisados. As técnicas utilizadas para a coleta dos dados foram a pesquisa documental e a entrevista com os gestores locais. Os dados coletados foram analisados de acordo com a legislação brasileira para desenvolvimento da atenção básica. Foi identificado que os municípios assumem a atenção básica de forma diferenciada. A característica da política e da administração local foi considerada um ponto que parece permear tanto o contexto de desenvolvimento da atenção básica quanto sua forma de estruturação e da gestão. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis work aimed to study how primary health care is characterized in three municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, concerning the local context, structure, and management of primary health care. The techniques used for data collection were the documentary research and the interview with the local managers. The collected data were analyzed according to the Brazilian legislation for development of primary health care. It was identified that municipalities deal with primary health care differently. The characteristic of politics and local government was considered a point that seems to permeate both the context of development of primary health care as their means of structuring and management. _______________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMENEste trabajo tuvo como objetivo estudiar la forma en que la atención primaria de salud se caracteriza en tres municipios de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Hemos tratado de comprender el contexto local, la estructura y la gestión de la atención primaria en los municipios pesquisados. Las técnicas utilizadas para la colecta de datos fueron la investigación documental y la entrevista con los gestores locales. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados de acuerdo con la legislación brasileña para el desarrollo de la atención primaria. Se identificó que los municipios asumen la atención primaria de salud de manera distinta. La característica de la política y del gobierno local fue considerada un punto que parece permear tanto en el contexto del desarrollo de la atención primaria como su forma de estructuración y gestión

Comparison of postural balance between professional taekwondo athletes and young adults

This study aimed to compare the postural balance of professional tae kwon do athletes with a non-tae kwon do adult group. Nineteen participants (nine tae kwon do practitioners and ten non-tae kwon do practitioners) were tested. To measure the postural sway, a force platform was used and the equipment recorded the main parameters: area of center of pressure; mean frequency, and velocity of center of pressure for both anteroposterior and mediolateral directions were measured for all participants. Before starting the assessment, the subjects received instructions and performed familiarization with the equipment and protocol. Participants were instructed to carry out three balance tests on a single-leg stance position with eyes opened. Values obtained in the postural assessment of professional athletes with the force platform were lower for all parameters compared to non-practitioners, except the frequency of center of pressure in the mediolateral direction. However, a significant difference (p=0.021) between the groups was found only in the center of pressure velocity parameter in the anteroposterior direction. These results have any implications on sport rehabilitation programs for balance assessments in athletes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el equilibrio postural de atletas de tae kwon do profesionales con un grupo de adultos que no practican esto deporte. Diecinueve participantes (nueve practicantes profesionales de tae kwon do y diez no practicantes) se pusieron a prueba. Para evaluar la oscilación postural, se utilizó una plataforma de fuerza y el equipo registró los parámetros principales: el centro de la zona de presión; la frecuencia y la velocidad del centro de la presión tanto para la dirección anteroposterior, y para la medio-lateral. Estas mediciones se registraron para todos los participantes. Antes de iniciar la evaluación, los sujetos recibieron instrucciones y se familiarizaron con el equipo y el protocolo. También fueron instruidos para realizar tres pruebas de equilibrio en un solo pie con los ojos abiertos. Los valores obtenidos en la evaluación postural de los atletas profesionales utilizando la plataforma de fuerza eran más bajos para todos los parámetros en comparación con aquellos de los no profesionales, con la excepción de la frecuencia del centro de presión de la dirección medial-lateral. Sin embargo, se encontró una diferencia significativa (p=0,021) entre los grupos sólo con respecto a la velocidad anteroposterior del centro de presión. Esos resultados tienen implicaciones para los deportes de los programas de rehabilitación para la evaluación del equilibrio postural en los atletas

Use of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill extracts from Brazilian Caatinga as an alternative of natural moisturizer in cosmetic formulations

The aim of this work was the obtainment of Opuntia fícus-indica (L.) Mill extract for the development of cosmetic formulations and in vivo evaluation of its moisturizing effects. The formulations were tested for preliminary and accelerated stability. Organoleptic characteristics, pH values and rheological behavior were assessed. The evaluation of moisturizing efficacy of the emulsions formulated with 3.0% of Polyacrylamide (and) C13-14 Isoparaffin (and) Laureth-7 containing 1.0 and 3.0% of O. ficus-indica hydroglycolic extract (EHG001) was performed using the capacitance method (Corneometer(r)) and the transepidermal water loss - TEWL evaluation (Tewameter(r)). The emulsions formulated were stable, exhibiting pseudoplastic and thixotropic behavior. The results of evaluation of moisturizing efficacy showed increased skin hydration after five hours by mainly increasing the skin barrier effect. The formulations containing 1.0 and 3.0% of EHG001 enhanced the skin barrier effect by reducing TEWL up to four hours after application. The results observed suggest that O. ficus-indica hydroglycolic extract may act through a humectant and occlusion mechanism

NBR-SIM : Jogo Educativo para Segurança do Trabalho

Nos últimos anos, os jogos digitais tem atraído a atenção de educadorescomo ferramenta de auxílio ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Eles proporcionam ambientes de desafio e competição e permitem desenvolver habilidades como cooperação e resolução de problemas, o que acaba por tornar o aprendizado mais atrativo, lúdico e alinhado às tecnologias da sociedade contemporânea. Esta pesquisa propõe um jogo educativo para auxiliar estudantes de cursos de Segurança do Trabalho. Ele foi avaliado por 91 alunos e 94,5% deles informaram que acreditam que os conteúdos abordados no jogo serão úteis para eles e 95,6%, que o jogo colabora com a sua aprendizagem e formação. Por fim, os resultados demonstraram a percepção dos alunos quanto à relevância do jogo para o seu aprendizado

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio